I was thinking about something I heard quite a while back on a CBC Radio (our Canadian public radio) science show called “Quirks and Quarks”. The host was interviewing a biologist whose recent extensive study on rat behavior had showed quite conclusively that rats were virtually hard-wired to help out other rats in distress.
To test their hypothesis, the scientist and her team designed a fairly simply experiment. They took two rats that had previously spent time together and put one in a cage that was impossible to open from inside. The other rat was allowed to run in a free space around the cage. But rather than running around or deserting his (or her) “friend”, the free rat would run to the cage and try to open the door. This was very difficult to do. The mechanism was too complex for the rat to be able to figure it out. He had to just keep trying and trying. Poking and swatting at it with his nose and paws incessantly until he would open the door simply by luck. As soon as the trapped rat was freed from the cage, the free rat would run to it and display caring behavior by licking it and nuzzling it. The two would then run and jump about in what they scientists could only describe as a “celebration”.
The biologists repeated the experiment with a number of rats and did so each time for three days. On the second day the free rat would go immediately to the spot on the cage that he’d been poking right before he had success the day before. By the third day, he would immediately repeat the exact behavior that had opened the door, freeing his friend as quickly as possible. The caring behavior and celebration would then ensue.
The scientists, being good cynics just like they should be, wondered if the free rat was just letting his friend out so that he wouldn’t be alone and would have someone to play with. So they then took all the rats they were going to use as free rats in the repeated experiments and let them have several chocolate chips every day with their food. Not surprisingly, the rats really, really liked the chocolate.
The scientists then repeated the experiment putting a dish of chocolate chips in the free area. Did the free rat run to the chocolate and pig it all up before he let his friend out? No!! Repeatedly, the rats in used in experiment would run to the cage and free their friends and then SHARE the chocolate!!
Okay humans, let’s take stock here. How are we doing on the rat to human compassion comparison scale?